Tutorial � Ellory, neuro prelims, visual system

Greg Detre

26/11/99

 

visual + retina

how complex can you get?

why don't we have just a spectrometer � why contrast etc.?

process + remove redundant information

US failed to construct anything fast enough

brain: short cuts assume 4 inch bus close

store of expected objects�������� fuzzy matching � undefined

chain: single cell respond to face/hand in monkeys

don�t know enough beyond corners + lines + movement

 

retina is backwards

if evolution, why not like limulus(???)

no AP until ganglion cells (3 cells down, transmitter released)

all hyper-polarising���������� very close together, no conduct nerves

 

retinal, bipolar, horizontal, ganglion (first AP), amacrine

complicated depolarising mechanisms

looking for contrast not absolute light

retina � very actively maintained system

 

raptors � detect in the IR � modified pigment

bad colour vision������� rodents � molecules in � which are IR-detectable�������� raptors see tracks

different opsin different � sensory range

owls � asymmetric hearing����������������� birds � colour droplets

snakes � IR detector (�)

 

fibres middle of cortex then out different layers

2 different eyes����������� orientation������������ monkeys/cats different numbers of layers

visual cortex ordered to store semi-logically � different parameters

3D matrix � position, orientation, binoc��������� colour

 

why cont(???) movement�������������� focusing a fovea

eye muscles tremor����������������� saccadic rhythm (reading)

(inhib by curare)�������� not vector-based detection system

bleaching

 

no reason why it should be orderly

analyse different parts of the matrix toglean information about depth etc.

colour � pairs of opposites, not spatially localised

blue receptiveness

 

stored � anatomical changfes in synapse

shorter term � local circuit

long-term synaptic bouton made

array being constantly interrogated���������� extracted to memory

 

Hubel & Wiesel cats - usually show a bar

looking at the surround, infinte �/span> grating

sinosoidal easier to generate than a square wave

the more familiar the image, the the grade image you need

 

Questions

film company, face recognition library

sensory cortex, cerebellum, ganglion in medulla � orderly

MRI � see region of the brain with bigger bloodflow if deoxy